OSRA Quick Links
The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management produces oil-spill risk analyses (OSRAs) for proposed Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) oil and gas lease sales and developmental activities.
These analyses estimate the potential oil-spill risks that may be associated with offshore activities that occur once leases are awarded. It is important to remember that these are projections based on probability only. There is no way of knowing in advance, which tracts will be leased, which leases will see activity, what types of hydrocarbons may be recovered if any, the size of an actual spill, or even the prevailing weather conditions, should an accident occur.
BOEM OSRA Reports
Ji Z-G, Schiff J. 2023. Oil spill risk analysis: Gulf of Mexico outer continental shelf (OCS) lease sales in the Eastern Planning Area, Central Planning Area, and Western Planning Area and gulf-wide OCS program. Sterling (VA): U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. 51 p. Report No.: OCS Study BOEM 2023-026.
Ji Z-G, Smith C. 2021. Oil spill risk analysis: Cook Inlet Planning Area OCS Lease Sale 258 (revised). Sterling (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Division of Environmental Sciences. 116 p. Report No.: OCS Report BOEM 2021-061.
Li Z, Smith C. 2020. Oil spill risk analysis: conditional probabilities for the Beaufort Sea Planning Area. Sterling (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. 142 p. Report No.: OCS Report BOEM 2020-003.
Ji Z-G, Johnson WR, DuFore CM. 2017. Oil-spill risk analysis: Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) lease sales, Eastern Planning Area, Central Planning Area, and Western Planning Area, 2017–2022, and gulf-wide OCS program, 2017–2086. Sterling (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Division of Environmental Sciences. 64 p. Report No.: OCS Report BOEM 2017-010.
Li Z, Crowley H, Johnson WR, Immaraj J. 2017. Oil spill risk analysis: Liberty Development Project in the Beaufort Sea, Alaska. Sterling (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. 56 p. Report No.: OCS Report BOEM 2017-086.
Ji Z-G, Smith C, Johnson WR. 2016. Oil-spill risk analysis: Cook Inlet Planning Area, OCS Lease Sale 244. Sterling (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. 82 p. Report No.: OCS Report BOEM 2016-068.
Li Z, Johnson WR, Murphy C. 2015. Supplement to the oil-spill risk analysis: Chukchi Sea Planning Area, OCS Lease Sale 193. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. 137 p. Report No.: OCS Report BOEM 2015-010.
Ji Z-G, Johnson WR, Li Z, Green RE, O’Reilly SE, Gravois MP, Murphy C. 2013. Oil-spill risk analysis: Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) lease sales, Eastern Planning Area, 2012–2017, and Eastern OCS Program, 2012–2051. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. 62 p. Report No.: OCS Report BOEM 2013-0110.
Ji Z-G, Johnson WR, Li Z, Green RE, O’Reilly SE, Gravois MP. 2012. Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) lease sales, Central and Western Planning Areas, 2012–2017, and Gulfwide OCS Program 2012–2051. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. Report No.: OCS Report BOEM 2012-066.
Ji Z-G, Johnson WR, Marshall CF, Lear EM. 2007. Oil-spill risk analysis: Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) lease sales, Central Planning Area and Western Planning Area, 2007–2012, and Gulfwide OCS Program, 2007–2046. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service. 69 p. Report No.: OCS Report MMS 2007-040.
Johnson WR, Ji Z-G, Marshall CF, Lear EM. 2007a. Oil-spill risk analysis: contingency planning statistics for Gulf of Mexico OCS activities in the Walker Ridge Planning Area. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service. 25 p. Report No.: OCS Report MMS 2007-029.
Johnson WR, Marshall CF, Lear EM. 2007b. Oil-spill risk analysis: Sivulliq Exploration Project. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service. 63 p. Report No.: OCS Report MMS 2007-039.
Johnson WR, Marshall CF, Lear EM. 2007c. Supplement to the oil-spill risk analysis: Beaufort Sea Planning Area, OCS Lease Sale 202. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service. 27 p. Report No.: OCS Report MMS 2007-041.
Ji Z-G, Johnson WR, Marshall CF, Lear EM. 2004. Oil-spill risk analysis: contingency planning statistics for Gulf of Mexico OCS activities. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Environmental Division. 63 p. Report No.: OCS Report MMS 2004-026.
Ji Z-G, Johnson WR, Marshall CF, Rainey GB, Lear EM. 2002. Oil-spill risk analysis: Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) lease sales, Central Planning Area and Western Planning Area, 2003–2007, and gulfwide OCS program, 2003–2042. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Environmental Division. 69 p. Report No.: OCS Report MMS 2002-032.
Ji Z-G, Johnson WR, Marshall CF, Rainey GB, Lear EM. 2002. Oil-spill risk analysis: Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) lease sales, Eastern Planning Area, 2003–2007, and Gulfwide OCS Program, 2003–2042. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service. 71 p. Report No.: OCS Report MMS 2002-069.
Johnson WR, Anderson CM, Marshall CF, Lear EM. 2002. Oil-spill risk analysis: Beaufort Sea Planning Area, sales 186, 295, 202. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service. 140 p. Report No.: OCS Report MMS 2002-058.
Johnson WR, Marshall CF, Lear EM. 2002. Oil-spill risk analysis: Cook Inlet Planning Area, OCS Lease Sales 191 and 199. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service. 76 p. Report No.: OCS Report MMS 2002-074.
Johnson WR, Marshall CF, Lear EM. 2000. Oil-spill risk analysis: Liberty Development and Production Plan. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service. 67 p. Report No.: OCS Report MMS 2000-082.
Johnson WR, Marshall CF, Lear EM. 2000. Oil-spill risk analysis: Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Program. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service. 290 p. Report No.: OCS Report MMS 2000-057.
Price JM, Marshall CF, Lear EM. 2000. Oil-spill risk analysis: use of floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) systems in the Gulf of Mexico. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service. 283 p. Report No.: OCS Report MMS 2000-059.
Price JM, Marshall CF, Lear EM. 1998. Oil-spill risk analysis: Destin Dome Development and Production Plan. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service. 299 p. Report No.: OCS Report MMS 98-0037.
Anderson CM, Johnson WR, Marshall CF, Lear EM. 1997. Revised oil-spill risk analysis: Beaufort Sea Outer Continental Shelf Lease Sale 170. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service. 77 p. Report No.: OCS Report MMS 97-0039.
Price JM, Lear EM. 1995. Oil-spill risk analysis: Central and Western Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf Lease Sales 157 and 161. Herndon (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service. 405 p. Report No.: OCS Report MMS 95-0026.
Background Publications
ABS Consulting Inc. 2016. 2016 update of occurrence rates for offshore oil spills. Sterling (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement. 95 p. https://www.bsee.gov/sites/bsee.gov/files/osrr-oil-spill-response-research/1086aa.pdf
Anderson CM, Mayes M, Labelle R. 2012. Update of occurrence rates for offshore oil spills. Herndon, VA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement. 87 p. Report No.: OCS Study BOEM 2012-069, BSEE 2012-069.
BOEM. 2000. Supplement to "update of comparative occurrence rates for offshore oil spills". Washington (DC): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; accessed 2024 Aug 16.
Devanney III JW, Stewart RJ, Keith V, Porricelli J. 1974. Analysis of oil spill statistics report to Council on Environmental Quality. Washington (DC): Council on Environmental Quality. 128 p. Report No.: MITSG 74-20.
Ji Z-G. 2017. Hydrodynamics and water quality: modeling rivers, lakes, and estuaries. 2nd ed. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons. 581 p.
Ji Z-G, Johnson W, Wikel G. 2014. Catastrophic oil spill analysis. In: Brebbia CA, editor. Risk analysis IX. Ashurst (UK): WIT Press. p. 17–25.
Ji ZG, Johnson WR, Li Z. 2011. Oil spill risk analysis model and its application to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill using historical current and wind data. In: Liu Y, MacFadyen A, Ji ZG, Wiesberg RH, editors. Monitoring and modeling the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: a record-breaking enterprise. Washington (DC): American Geophysical Union. p. 227–236.
Ji ZG, Johnson WR, Marshall CF. 2004b. Deepwater oil-spill modeling for assessing environmental impacts. In: Brebbia CA, Saval Perez JM, Garcia A, L., Villacampa Y, editors. Coastal environment V incorporating oil spill studies. Southampton (UK): WIT Press. p. 349–358.
LaBelle RP. 1990. Potential use of circulation/pollutant transport models for impact assessment on the U.S. EEZ. In: Ardus DA, Champ MA, editors. Ocean resources: volume I, assessment and utilisation. Norwell (MA): Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 309–319.
LaBelle RP, Rainey G, Lanfear KJ. 1982. An application of a vulnerability index to oil spill modeling in the Gulf of Mexico. Washington (DC): U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service. 17 p. Report No.: Open-File Report 82-804.
Lanfear KJ, Nakassis A. 1980. Documentation and users’ guide to the spatial environmental data digitizing system, SEDDS. Reston (VA): U. S. Geological Survey. 133 p. Report No.: Open-File Report 80-871.
Lanfear KJ, Samuels WB. 1981. Documentation and user's guide to the U.S. Geological Survey oilspill risk analysis model: oilspill trajectories and calculation of conditional probabilities. Reston (VA): U. S. Geological Survey. 99 p. Report No.: Open-File Report 81-316.
Lanfear KJ, Samuels WB. 1984. Small-scale oil slick modeling in the Santa Barbara Channel, California. In: Soule DF, Walsh D, editors. Waste disposal in the oceans: minimizing impacts, maximizing benefits. New York (NY): Routledge. p. 63–75.
Nakassis A. 1982. Has offshore oil production become safer? Reston (VA): U. S. Geological Survey. 27 p. Report No.: Open File Report 82-232.
Smith RA, Slack JR, Wyant T, Lanfear KJ. 1982. The oilspill risk analysis model of the U. S. Geological Survey. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. 45 p. Report No.: Geological Survey Professional Paper 1227.
Stewart RJ. 1975. Oil spillage associated with the development of offshore petroleum resources. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. 50 p.
Stewart RJ. 1976. A survey and critical review of U.S. oil spill data resources with application to the tanker/pipeline controversy. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. 76 p.
Stewart RJ, Kennedy MB. 1978. An analysis of U.S. tanker and offshore petroleum production oil spillage through 1975. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. 181 p.
Related Articles
Amstrup SC, Durner GM, McDonald TL, Johnson WR. 2006. Estimating potential effects of hypothetical oil spills on polar bears. Anchorage (AK): U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. 56 p. https://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/USGS/2006/836786214.pdf
Amstutz DE, Samuels WB. 1984a. Comment on "steady wind- and wave-induced currents in the open ocean". Journal of Physical Oceanography. 14(2):484–485. doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1984)014<0484:COWAWI>2.0.CO;2.
Amstutz DE, Samuels WB. 1984b. Offshore oil spills: analysis of risks. Marine Environmental Research. 13(4):303–319. doi:10.1016/0141-1136(84)90035-7.
Anderson C, LaBelle R. 2000. Update of comparative occurrence rates for offshore oil spills. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin. 6(5/6):302–321. doi:10.1016/S1353-2561(01)00049-4.
Anderson CM, LaBelle RP. 1990. Estimated occurrence rates for analysis of accidental oil spills on the US Outer Continental Shelf. Oil & Chemical Pollution. 6(1):21–35. doi:10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80037-1.
Anderson CM, LaBelle RP. 1994. Comparative occurrence rates for offshore oil spills. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin. 1(2):131–141. doi:10.1016/1353-2561(94)90021-3.
Browne DR. 1994. Understanding the oceanic circulation in and around the Santa Barbara Channel. In: Halvorson WL, Maender GJ, editors. The fourth California Islands symposium: update on the status of resources. Santa Barbara (CA): Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. p. 27–34.
Eschenbach TG, Harper VW, Anderson CM, Prentki R. 2010. Estimating oil spill occurrence rates: a case study for Outer Continental Shelf areas of Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Environmental Statistics. 1(1):1–19.
Guillen G, Rainey G, Morin M. 2004. A simple rapid approach using coupled multivariate statistical methods, GIS and trajectory models to delineate areas of common oil spill risk. Journal of Marine Systems. 45(3-4):221–235. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2003.11.006.
Ji Z-G. 2004. Use of physical sciences in support of environmental management. Environmental Management. 34(2):159–169. doi:10.1007/s00267-004-0205-8.
Ji Z-G, Li Z, Johnson W, Auad G. 2021. Progress of the oil spill risk analysis (OSRA) model and its applications. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 9(2):195. doi:10.3390/jmse9020195.
LaBelle R. 2001. Overview of US Minerals Management Service activities in deepwater research. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 43(7–12):256–261. doi:10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00056-X.
LaBelle RP. 1984. Analysis of the sensitivity to variations in wind deflection angle of oil spill trajectories modeled off the California coast. EOS. 65(45):940.
LaBelle RP, Adams JK. 1983. Coupling the Gulf of Mexico with a method for ranking biological resources. EOS. 64(52):1056.
LaBelle RP, Anderson CM. 1985. The application of oceanography to oil-spill modeling for the outer continental shelf oil and gas leasing program. Marine Technology Society Journal. 19(2):19–26.
LaBelle RP, Danenberger EP. 1997. Oil-spill research program of the US Minerals Management Service. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin. 4(2):107–111. doi:10.1016/S1353-2561(98)00006-1.
LaBelle RP, Galt JA, Tennyson EJ, McGrattan KB. 1994. The 1993 oil spill off Tampa Bay, a scenario for burning? Spill Science & Technology Bulletin. 1(1):5–9. doi:10.1016/1353-2561(94)90003-5.
LaBelle RP, Samuels WB, Amstutz DE. 1982. A comparative analysis of surface water velocity fields off the southern California coast — implications for oil spill trajectory modeling. EOS. 63(45):1003.
Li Z, Johnson W. 2019. An improved method to estimate the probability of oil spill contact to environmental resources in the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 7(2):41. doi:10.3390/jmse7020041.
Li Z, Smith C, DuFore C, Zaleski SF, Auad G, Johnson W, Ji Z-G, O’Reilly S. 2021. A multifaceted approach to advance oil spill modeling and physical oceanographic research at the United States Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 9(5):542. doi:10.3390/jmse9050542.
McCrary MD, Panzer DE, Pierson MO. 2003. Oil and gas operations offshore California: status, risks, and safety. Marine Ornithology. 31:43–49.
Paluszkiewicz T, LaBelle RP. 1987. Comparison of buoy winds with model winds used in oil spill trajectory modeling. EOS. 68(50):1756.
Price JM, Johnson WR, Ji Z-G, Marshall CF, Rainey GB. 2004. Sensitivity testing for improved efficiency of a statistical oil-spill risk analysis model. Environmental Modelling & Software. 19(7–8):671–679. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2003.08.012.
Price JM, Johnson WR, Marshall CF, Ji Z-G, Rainey GB. 2003. Overview of the oil spill risk analysis (OSRA) model for environmental impact assessment. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin. 8(5–6):529–533. doi:10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00003-3.
Price JM, Reed M, Howard MK, Johnson WR, Ji ZG, Marshall CF, Guinasso Jr. CN, Rainey GB. 2006. Preliminary assessment of an oil-spill trajectory model using satellite-tracked, oil-spill-simulating drifters. Environmental Modelling & Software. 21(2):258–270. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.04.025.
Reed M, Johansen O, Brandvik PJ, Daling P, Lewis A, Fiocco R, Mackay D, Prentki R. 1999. Oil spill modeling towards the close of the 20th century: overview of the state of the art. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin. 5(1):3–16. doi:10.1016/S1353-2561(98)00029-2.
Samuels WB, Amstutz DE, Crowley HA. 2011. Arctic climate change and oil spill risk analysis. Frontiers of Earth Science. 5(4):350–362. doi:10.1007/s11707-011-0198-6.
Samuels WB, Huang NE, Amstutz DE. 1982a. An oilspill trajectory analysis model with a variable wind deflection angle. Ocean Engineering. 9(4):347–360. doi:10.1016/0029-8018(82)90028-2.
Samuels WB, LaBelle RP, Amstutz DE. 1982b. Oilspill trajectory modeling in Alaskan waters. EOS. 63(3):109.
Samuels WB, LaBelle RP, Amstutz DE. 1982c. The relative contributions of local wind drift and geostrophic surface currents to the movement of potential oilspills on the U.S. Pacific Outer Contintental Shelf. EOS. 63(45):1003.
Samuels WB, LaBelle RP, Amstutz DE. 1983. Applications of oilspill trajectory models to the Alaskan Outer Continental Shelf. Ocean Management. 8(3):233–250. doi:10.1016/0302-184X(83)90003-3.
Samuels WB, Ladino A. 1984. Calculations of seabird population recovery from potential oilspills in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Ecological Modelling. 21(1):63–84. doi:10.1016/0304-3800(84)90025-5.
Samuels WB, Lanfear KJ. 1982. Simulations of seabird damage and recovery from oilspills in the Northern Gulf of Alaska. Journal of Environmental Management. 15:169–182.
Smith CH, Crowley HA, Stoudt CA, Kendall Jr. JJ. 2020. For a better understanding: modelling for decision making in Alaska. The Journal of Ocean Technology. 15(1):7–18.
Conference Papers and Proceedings
Amstutz DE. 1979. Oil spill modeling needs and program. In: Workshop on Government Oil Spill Modeling; 1979 Nov 7–9; Wallops Island (VA). p. 9–10.
Amstutz DE. 1983. Oil spill modeling for OCS environmental assessment and decision making. In: Marine Ecosystem Modeling; 1982 Apr 6–8; Frederick (MD). p. 89–99.
Anderson CA, LaBelle RP. 1987. Revised offshore oil spill occurrence rates for the Outer Continental Shelf. In: International Oil Spill Conference; 1987 Apr 6–9; Baltimore (MD). p. 630.
Anderson CM, LaBelle RP. 1988. Update of occurrence rates for accidental oil spills on the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf. In: OCEANS '88; 1988 Oct 31–Nov 2; Baltimore (MD). p. 1673–1676.
Bennett JF, Johnson WR, Marshall CF. 2003. Integrated spill modeling for impact analysis. In: International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings; 2003 Apr 6–11; Vancouver (BC). p. 943–946.
Bercha F, Prentki R, Smith C. 2008. Prediction of oil spill probabilities in the Alaskan Beaufort and Chukchi seas OCS. In: Proceedings of the International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice; 2008 Jul 20–23; Banff (AB). 9 p.
Bercha F, Prentki R, Smith C. 2012. Alaska OCS oil spill occurrence probabilities. In: SNAME 10th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice; 2012 Sep 17–20; Banff (AB). Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. 8 p.
Bercha F, Smith C, Crowley H. 2014. Current offshore oil spill statistics. In: SNAME 11th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice; 2014 Jul 28–31; Banff (AB). Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. 7 p.
Bercha FG, Prentki RT, Cerovsek M. 2003. Arctic subsea pipeline oil spill probabilistic analysis. In: 13th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference; 2003 May 25–30; Honolulu (HI). p. 510–517.
Bercha FG, Prentki RT, Smith C, Cerovsek M. 2006. Prediction of oil spill occurrence probabilities in the Alaskan OCS. In: 7th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice; 2006 Jul 16–19; Banff (AB). Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. 7 p.
Emerson RR. 1981. The importance of contingency measures in determining Outer Continental Shelf oil and gas development. In: International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings; 1981 May 2–5; Atlanta (GA). p. 571–575.
Green R, Johnson W, Li Z. 2013. BOEM’s recent advances in oil spill modeling in the Gulf Of Mexico. In: Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill & Ecosystem Science Conference; 2013 Jan 21–23; New Orleans (LA). p. 139.
Ji Z-G, Johnson WR. 2017. Oil spill risk analysis for assessing environmental contact probabilities in the Gulf of Mexico. In: International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings; 2017 May 15–18; Long Beach (CA). p. 1931–1949.
Ji Z-G, Johnson WR, Marshall CF, Price JM. 2005. Modeling deepwater oil spills with near field and far field models. In: International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings; 2005 May 15–19; Miami Beach (FL). p. 725–730.
Ji Z-G, Johnson WR, Price JM, Marshall CF. 2003. Oil-spill risk analysis for assessing environmental impacts. In: 2003 International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings; 2003 Apr 6–11; Vancouver (BC). p. 1125–1129.
Ji Z-G, Smith C, Johnson W. 2017. Oil-spill risk analysis in Cook Inlet, Alaska. In: Alaska Marine Science Symposium; 2017 Jan 23–27; Anchorage (AK). p. 19.
Ji Z-G, Smith C, Johnson WR. 2020. Assessing oil spill risk in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska. In: Twelfth International Conference on Risk Analysis and Hazard Mitigation WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences. p. 31–40.
Ji Z, Johnson WR, Wikel G. 2016. Application of extreme value theory to oil spill risk analysis. In: Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill & Ecosystem Science Conference; 2016 Feb 1–4; Tampa (FL). p. 57.
Ji Z, Johnson WR, Wikel GL. 2015. Statistics of extremes in oil spill risk analysis. In: Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill & Ecosystem Science Conference; 2015 Feb 16–19; Houston (TX). p. 127.
Johnson WR, Ji Z-G, Marshall CF. 2005. Statistical estimates of shoreline oil contact in the Gulf of Mexico. In: International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings; 2005 May 15–19; Miami Beach (FL). p. 547–551.
Johnson WR, LaBelle RP. 1991. Comparison of modeled lagrangian trajectory statistics. In: International Oil Spill Conference; 1991 Mar 4–7; San Diego (CA). p. 737–739.
Johnson WR, Paluszkiewicz T. 1992. Risk assessment initiatives in the U.S. Beaufort Sea. In: Fifteenth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar; 1992 Jun 10–12; Edmonton (AB). p. 197–210.
LaBelle R. 1988. Oil spill trajectory analysis on the Alaskan Outer Continental Shelf. In: Eleventh Arctic and Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar; 1988 Jun 7–9; Vancouver (BC). p. 367–375.
LaBelle RP. 1986. Use of applied oceanography in stochastic modeling of oil spills on the Outer Continental Shelf. In: Proceedings of the Oceans '86 Conference; 1986 Sep 23–25; Washington (DC). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 5 p.
LaBelle RP. 1990a. Overview of significant offshore oil spills. In: International Conference on Lessons Learned from Major Oil Spills; 1990 Sep 27; St. Petersburg (FL).
LaBelle RP. 1990b. Risk assessment of offshore oil spills. In: Thirteenth Arctic and Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar; 1990 Jun 6–8; Edmonton (AB). p. 231–242.
LaBelle RP. 1994. Update of MMS ocean drifter programs. In: Seventeenth Arctic and Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar; 1994 Jun 8–10; Vancouver (BC). p. 1195–1195.
LaBelle RP, Anderson CM. 1996. Offshore oil-spill occurrence rates. In: OCEANS 96; 1996 Sep 23–26; Fort Lauderdale (FL). p. 751–753.
LaBelle RP, Hegy MG. 1993. Oil spill trajectory analysis for U.S. coastal waters. In: 1993 International Oil Spill Conference: Prevention, Preparedness, Response; 1993 Mar 29–Apr 1; Tampa (FL). p. 834–836.
LaBelle RP, Johnson WR. 1993. Stochastic oil-spill analysis for Cook Inlet/Shelikof Strait. In: Sixteenth Arctic and Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar; 1993 Jun 6–9; Calgary (AB). p. 573–585.
LaBelle RP, Johnson WR, Niiler PP. 1996a. Surface drifters in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico. In: OCEANS 96; 1996 Sep 23–26; Fort Lauderdale (FL). p. 862–863.
LaBelle RP, Johnson WR, Niller PP. 1995a. Measuring surface currents with Lagrangian drifters in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. In: Third Thematic Conference, Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments; 1995 Sep 18–20; Seattle (WA).
LaBelle RP, Johnson WR, Price JM. 1994. Program to develop and test satellite-tracked surface drifter. In: Second Thematic Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments; 1994 Jan 31–Feb 2; New Orleans (LA).
LaBelle RP, Lane JS. 2001. Meeting the challenge of deepwater spill response. In: International Oil Spill Conference: Prevention, Preparedness, Response; 2001 Mar 26–28; Tampa (FL). American Petroleum Institute. 705–708 p.
LaBelle RP, Marshall CF, Anderson CM, Johnson WR. 1997. Exporting Alaskan North Slope crude oil: evaluation of oil spill risks. In: International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings; 1997 Apr 7–10; Fort Lauderdale (FL). p. 1002–1004.
LaBelle RP, Marshall CF, Niiler PP. 1995b. Comparison of oil trajectory model with drifting buoys. In: First International Conference on Water Resources Engineering; 1995 Aug 14–18; San Antonio (TX). p. 643–647.
LaBelle RP, Marshall CF, Niiler PP. 1996b. Comparison of simulated and observed surface currents used in oil-spill model. In: Nineteenth Arctic and Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar; 1996 Jun 12–14; Calgary (AB). p. 847–855.
LaBelle RP, Marshall CM. 1995. Application of oil spill simulations to tanker routing off the U.S. coast. In: International Oil Spill Conference: Prevention, Preparedness, Response; 1995 Feb 27–Mar 2; Long Beach (CA). p. 265–273.
LaBelle RP, Price JM, Johnson WR, Marshall CF. 1995c. Surface drifter deployment in experimental oil spill. In: 18th Arctic and Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar; 1995 Jun 14–16; Edmonton (AB). p. 493–504.
LaBelle RP, Samuels WB, Amstutz DE. 1984. An examination of the Argo Merchant oil spill incident using a probabilistic oil spill model. In: 47th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography 1984 Jun 11–14; Vancouver (BC). p. 11–14.
Lane JS, LaBelle RP. 2000. Meeting the challenge of potential deepwater spills: cooperative research effort between industry and government. In: SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Environment, and Sustainability; 2000 Jun 26–28; Stavanger (NO). Society of Petroleum Engineers. 6 p.
Lanfear KJ. 1979. Applications of the USGS oil spill trajectory analysis (OSTA) model to decisions regarding OCS oil development. In: Workshop on Government Oil Spill Modeling; 1979 Nov 7–9; Wallops Island (VA). p. 13–14.
Lanfear KJ, Amstutz DE. 1981. Environmental studies for oilspill trajectory modeling in the southeastern U.S. Outer Continental Shelf leasing area. In: Offshore Technology Conference; 1981 May 4–7; Houston (TX). p. 486–490.
Lanfear KJ, Amstutz DE. 1983. A reexamination of occurrence rates for accidental oil spills on the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf. In: 1983 Oil Spill Conference; 1983 Feb 28–Mar 3; San Antonio (TX). p. 355–359.
Lanfear KJ, Smith RA, Slack JR. 1979. An introduction to the oilspill risk analysis model. In: Offshore Technology Conference; 1979 Apr 30–May 3; Houston (TX). p. 2173–2175.
Li Z. 2018. Quantitative measures for trajectory hindcast. In: Forty-first AMOP Technical Seminar; Vancouver (CA). p. 1263–1264.
Li Z, Johnson W. 2016. Quantifying the effects of hindcast surface winds and ocean currents on oil spill contact probability in the Gulf of Mexico. In: OCEANS 2016; 2016 Sep 19–23; Monterey (CA). MTS/IEEE. 10 p.
Li Z, Johnson W, Crowley H. 2016. Ocean circulation modeling efforts in support of offshore oil and gas leasing at Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. In: Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill & Ecosystem Science Conference; 2016 Feb 1–4; Tampa (FL). p. 98.
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